Amniotic Membrane Types, Costs, Side Effects, and More
These membranes are available in a few different types, the details of which we'll cover later in the article. However, amniotic membranes must be either cryopreserved or dehydrated before use because using a fresh membrane can carry disease transmission risks. Cryopreservation involves slow freezing at –80°C using DMEM/glycerol to allow for slow-rate freezing without ice formation. This allows the tissue to maintain the natural quantity and quality of key biological components needed for healing, including hyaluronic acid. The tissue must be stored in a –80°C freezer and brought to room temperature as needed for use on a patient.
Freeze dried, dehydrated membranes are another option, and these are preserved using a vacuum with low temperature heat to retain devitalized cellular components. There are conflicting thoughts on whether or not these maintain all of their helpful, healing components throughout this process, but they are still healing for many conditions. These are conveniently able to be kept at room temperature, but they must be rehydrated for use on a patient.
To cover the cost a bit, amniotic membranes (depending on the type) will cost your eye doctor anywhere from $300-1000 each. This means that the cost will be higher for you. However, insurance will often cover this service or at least relieve some of the financial burden. Your doctor will likely attempt to get prior approval from your insurance company, but they will still have you sign a financial statement, insurance preauthorization form, and informed consent.
As far as side effects go, they are minimal because most people tolerate them very well. The biggest side effect is going to be blurred vision, because the membrane is opaque (you can expect 20/200 vision, usually). The only membrane which will not interfere as much with vision is the ProKera Clear, which has a 6mm opening for optimal vision. Some people will also report irritation with the ProKera brand of membranes because they do contain a large ring holding the membrane in place.